Unit 1 | Human Computer Interface | Introduction and its Topics...

 Human Computer Interface

Introduction Of Human Computer Interface:-

--→ A Human-Computer Interface (HCI) is a system or tool that facilitates communication between humans and computers. It enables users to interact with computers and other devices by translating human input into a format that the machine can understand and vice versa. The primary goal of HCI is to make the interaction between humans and computers efficient, effective, and user-friendly.

--→HCI encompasses a wide range of technologies, methods, and principles, aiming to create interfaces that are intuitive, accessible, and accommodating to users' needs. Common examples of HCI include graphical user interfaces (GUIs), touchscreens, voice recognition systems, gesture-based interfaces, and more.

--→Effective HCI design considers factors such as user experience, ergonomics, accessibility, and usability to ensure that interactions with computers are seamless and enjoyable. As technology evolves, HCI continues to play a crucial role in shaping the way humans engage with and control various digital systems and applications.

--→ The HCI works with Multidisciplinary subjects such as networking, Hardware, etc...

Fig:- Field of HCI

The Human : Input and Output Channel

--→The topic focuses on the interaction between the computer and the user. The user gives the input and the computer gives the output. Where Input refers to the information we give to the computer, like typing on a keyboard or using a mouse. 

--→Output is the information the computer gives back, such as what we see on the screen. It's like a conversation between a human and a computer.

--→ Input :- Sight, Hearing, Touch

--→ Output :- Limbs, Fingers, Head/Body position, Voice 

---→ #visualAngle

--→ #visualAcvity

Human Memory:

---→ Just like a human remembers things, computers have memory to store and recall information. This memory can be compared to our ability to remember facts, events, or experiences. 

---→For Example: When you save, for example, a file on a computer, it's stored in the computer's memory.

---→There are three types of memory. Namely, a) Sensory Memory b) Short-Term Memory c) Long-Term Memory

a) Sensory Memory:- Sensory memory is the earliest stage of memory processing that involves the immediate, brief retention of sensory information received through the five senses: sight (visual), hearing (auditory), taste (gustatory), smell (olfactory), and touch (tactile). It acts as a buffer that temporarily holds incoming sensory stimuli for a very short duration, typically ranging from a fraction of a second to a few seconds. 

---->There are two main types of sensory memory:

Iconic Memory (Visual): This pertains to the retention of visual information. For example, if you glance at an image or scene, the iconic memory stores a brief snapshot of that visual input.

Echoic Memory (Auditory): This involves the retention of auditory information, such as sounds and noises. Echoic memory allows you to recall what you have just heard, even if the actual sound has ceased.

b) Short-Term Memory:  Short-term memory, also known as working memory, is a component of the human memory system that temporarily stores and processes a limited amount of information for a short duration. It is the system responsible for holding and manipulating information needed for various cognitive tasks. Short-term memory plays a crucial role in activities such as problem-solving, reasoning, decision-making, and language comprehension.

c) Long-Term Memory:- Long-term memory is a component of the human memory system responsible for the storage and retrieval of information over an extended period, ranging from minutes to a lifetime. Unlike short-term memory, which has limited capacity and duration, long-term memory has a much larger capacity and is considered to be a more permanent storage system. Long-term memory plays a fundamental role in learning, knowledge retention, and the formation of one's experiences and expertise.

---->There are two types of Long-term Memory options, namely

       * Semantic and Episodic Memory: Long-term memory is often classified into two main types: semantic memory and episodic memory. Semantic memory involves the storage of general knowledge, facts, and concepts, while episodic memory pertains to personal experiences and events.

Thinking, Emotion ,Individual Differences, Psychology and the design of interactive system:

----> Designing an interactive system involves understanding how people think, feel, and differ from one another it considers the psychological aspect of human-computer interaction, ensuring that technology is designed to user user-friendly.

-----> For example Music Streaming that recommends a song on mood or preference one.

Thinking Reasoning and Problem Solving:

---->The Reasoning is all about probability which helps to find the perfect fitted answer.

---->There are many types of reasoning, namely. a) Deductive Reasoning  b) Abductive Reasoning  c) Inductive Reasoning

The Computer: The Test entry device with focus on the design of keyboard, positioning, pointing  and Drawing

----> This Topic explores how we interact with computers through devices like Keyboards and mice. it includes the design of these devices to make them comfortable and efficient.

-----> Positioning, Pointing, And Drawing are essential actions that users perform, especially in activities like graphics design or gaming.

----> For Example: When you type an email on your computer using a keyboard that's a text entry device

 

if you use a mouse to click and drag to highlight text, that's an example of pointing and drawing

The Interaction : Mode of Interaction, Ergonomics, Interaction Styles, Elements of WIMP Interface

---->This involves Studying different models of interactions considering ergonomics factors for user comfort exploring various interaction styles(like touch or voice command) and understanding the Elements of the WIMP interface

i) Mode of Interaction (Norman's MOI)

----> The MOI is divided into two parts, namely

            a) Execution

            b) Evaluation

----> Establishing the goal

----> Forming the intention                    

----> Specifying the action sequence                      

----> Executing the action

---->Perceiving the system state

---->Interpreting the system state

---->Evaluating the system state write the goal and intention.

  ADD-ON

a) Gulf of Execution

b) Gulf of Evaluation

ii) Ergonomics

---->Increasing the Efficiency

---->The Ergonomic factor is use for user comfort

---->The changes form hand made to machine

iii) Interaction Style

---->Exploring various interaction Styles [like touch and voice command]

----> Representation of user work, need to readable user friendly.

iv) Element of WIMP interface

----> Graphical user interface of Windows , Icons, Menus, Pointers.

Interactive, Experience, Engagement and Fun

----> Creating enjoyable and engaging Experiences involves making computer interaction more than just functional.

----> It is about making technology fun and immersive, Particularly in Application like Video Games, where user engagement and experience are crucial .

Paradigms for Interactions

----> This topic explores different approaches or paradigms for interaction with computers for instance, The shift from traditional desktop setup to touch-based interface on tablets represents a change in interaction paradigms.

---->Understanding These paradigms helps in designing interfaces that suit user needs and preferences

---->For Example: Think about how you interact with a smartphone compared to a traditional computer, Swiping and tapping on a touch screen represent a paradigm shift in interaction compared to using a mouse and keyboard on a desktop computer.

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